Pakistan has taken a significant step toward joining the global critical minerals industry after the Oil and Gas Development Company Limited (OGDC) discovered lithium in formation water from a high-temperature geothermal well in Sindh.
According to officials, the discovery was made during advanced geochemical testing conducted under OGDC’s pilot geothermal exploration program. The lithium concentrations found in the formation water are reportedly comparable to those found in leading lithium-rich geothermal brines around the world, making it a promising development for Pakistan’s energy and mining sectors.
Formation water is naturally occurring salty underground water that has remained trapped in rock formations for millions of years alongside oil, gas, and valuable minerals. When this water is brought to the surface during oil and gas production, it is known as produced water. Around the world, advanced technologies are increasingly being used to extract lithium from these brines, providing an alternative source of the critical mineral.
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Lithium is one of the world’s most sought-after resources due to its essential role in manufacturing electric vehicle (EV) batteries, renewable energy storage systems, smartphones, laptops, and other electronic devices. As global demand for clean energy continues to grow, securing reliable lithium supplies has become a strategic priority for many countries.
The discovery places Pakistan among the countries exploring geothermal resources for lithium production and could open new opportunities for investment, technological development, and economic growth. If further exploration confirms commercially viable reserves, the country could strengthen its position in the global clean energy supply chain while reducing reliance on imported critical minerals.
The finding also highlights Pakistan’s untapped natural resource potential and its growing role in supporting the global transition toward sustainable and renewable energy.
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